虾料制粒机的压辊数量对颗粒品质的影响

压辊数量对虾料制粒机的颗粒品质有很大影响。文章分别对两压辊、三压辊结构进行分析,研究表明,两压辊制粒机较三压辊制粒机,更适宜用于虾料制粒。     

苹果轮纹病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性及Cytb基因序列分析

为了明确苹果轮纹病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性和吡唑醚菌酯的靶标基因序列, 采用菌丝生长速率法测定了水杨肟酸对B. dothidea 菌丝生长的作用, 探讨了添加或不添加水杨肟酸的情况下病原菌对吡唑醚菌酯敏感性的变化; 并测定了不同产区的80株B. dothidea 对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性以及440株B. dothidea 对吡唑醚菌酯的抗性; 然后, 扩增并分析了具有不同敏感性的菌株的细胞色素b基因 (Cytb) 序列?结果表明:不同浓度水杨肟酸对菌丝生长的抑制作用不同?添加40 μg/mL水杨肟酸不影响吡唑醚菌酯的EC50?菌株的敏感性频率符合近似正态分布, 各产区菌株对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性没有显著差异, 吡唑醚菌酯平均EC50为(2.95±2.11) μg/mL, 没有检测到抗性菌株?靶标基因序列分析表明, Cytb基因在F129?G137和G143位密码子上没有产生点突变, 首次发现在143位密码子后有内含子插入?     

东北过伐林椴树生长过程与生长模型的研究

利用吉林省汪清县金沟岭林场收集的38株过伐林椴树解析木资料,研究椴树年龄与树高、胸径、材积之间的相关关系,分别拟合椴树最优树高-年龄、胸径-年龄、材积-年龄的生长方程,经检验达到精度要求,为预测该地区椴树树高、胸径、蓄积的生长提供理论依据。     

中山杉和落羽杉木材解剖性质研究

以12年生中山杉和落羽杉胸高处木材为研究对象,利用纤维测定仪测定其管胞长度、宽度,采用图像分析仪测定其管胞壁厚、壁腔比和各种组织比量,利用双因素方差分析方法分析树种因素、距髓心生长轮数对管胞形态和组织比量等特征的影响.中山杉木材的管胞长度、宽度、长宽比均值分别为2 737.84μm、44.84 μm和60.86,落羽杉木材的管胞长度、宽度、长宽比的均值分别为2 698.52 μm、43.44μm和61.51;中山杉木材的早材和晚材管胞弦向壁厚均值分别为5.91 μm和7.57 μm,落羽杉木材的早材和晚材管胞弦向壁厚均值分别为5.89 μm和6.54 μm;中山杉早材和晚材管胞壁腔比均值分别为0.15和0.35,落羽杉的早材和晚材壁腔比均值与中山杉的一致.双因素方差分析的结果表明:除了中山杉晚材的管胞壁厚显著大于落羽杉晚材的管胞壁厚之外,这两个树种其它管胞形态特征、各种组织比量的差异在0.05水平不显著,该结果表明这两种木材的解剖特征很接近;中山杉、落羽杉幼龄木材除了管胞旱材的壁腔比、薄壁细胞组织比量在不同生长轮之间的差异在0.05水平不显著之外,测试的其它特征在不同生长轮之间的差异在0.05水平具有显著性.中山杉、落羽杉木材的解剖特征的径向变异具有相同的规律:管胞长度、管胞宽度、弦向壁厚、管胞组织比量从髓心向树皮都有逐渐增加的趋势,而射线组织比量从髓心向树皮有逐渐降低的趋势,薄壁细胞比量较小,径向变异也较小、没有明显的规律.     

滩地淹水胁迫对杨树生长与木材显微结构的影响

对5种不同淹水时间类型滩地1～10年生杨树单株材积生长动态进行了分析.结果表明:不同类型之间单株材积生长量均存在显著差异,且随着林龄增长,其差异逐步减小;不同淹水胁迫下,当年年轮宽度、纤维细胞数量、木材基本密度均存在显著差异,纤维长度和宽度差异不显著;杨树年轮宽度与径向纤维细胞数、导管数、径向纤维比量呈正相关;随淹水胁迫程度加深,当年形成层细胞分裂受到了显著抑制,纤维细胞以及导管数量减少,林木径向生长量下降,径向导管比量提高,纤维比量下降,细胞壁腔比减小,木材密度明显降低.对5种淹水类型滩地的林木生长进行了系统聚类,合并划分为4种生长类型,对其中3种常规造林宜林类型杨树生长潜力进行了预测.     

Ⅰ-72杨人工林的投入产出及经济成熟龄

本文讨论了山东省沂南县沂河林场不同密度Ⅰ-72杨人工林的投入产出及经济成熟龄。投入分为一次性投入和每年投入。一次性的总投入量为2 33 1.00元/ha,其中整地占84％;平均年投入为253.21元/ha·a,其中追肥占74％。文中还计算了长期占用资金的复利。对各密度的年投入量、年生长量、年产值、年均净产值及其年动态进行了研究,同时做了林木的年均生长量和年均净产值数学模拟。杨树人工林在造林后第三年才能获得利润。数量成熟龄为6～10年,年均最高生长量可达25.252 1 m~3/ha·a。经济成熟龄为6～7年,年均最高净产值可达6 110.52元/ha·a。杨树人工林的数量成熟龄与经济成熟龄主要受密度及投入成本的影响。     

The variation of tree-ring widths of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) affected by air pollution

Using eight populations of Scots pine growing in foothills of the Sudetes (southern Poland) as an example, the character and causes of annual ring variation in 1900–1999 were studied. The climate had a short-term effect on radial growth during the whole period investigated. A long-term decrease of radial growth occurred after 1960, but only in some localities. It was probably caused by non-climatic factors, most likely by industrial pollution. The decline of trees during that period is mainly evidenced by a high variation of width of annual rings, a small similarity of chronologies of annual ring widths, and a lack of signal years. After 1990, the tree recovery process was evident. It was most intensive in localities where the earlier stress was the most severe. Then, trees started to produce wide annual rings, homogeneity of the growth reaction increased, and the signal years began to occur.     

尾叶桉MLA无性系林分不同施肥处理经济效益分析

对雷州林业局7种施肥处理的尾叶桉MLA无性系7年生与3年生林分进行经济效益分析，结果表明：最佳处理6(P300g/株 K300g/株 N150g/株)7年生时年均利润1528．1元41m2，比处理7(常规施肥，滤泥5000g/株 P250g/株 K100g/株 N100g/株，年均利润1452．6hm2)提高5．2％，比对照(不施肥，年均利润630．3元/hm^2)提高142．4％；3年生时处理6的年均利润为1605．5元/hm2，比处理7(年均利润1406．8hm2)提高14．1％，比对照(年均利润408．3元/hm2)提高293．2％；处理6的年均利润3年生时采伐比7年生时采伐提高5．1％；处理6和处理7在7年生时采伐，投资回收期均为10．3年，在3年生时采伐分别为8.0年与8．3年，3年生时采伐比7年生时采伐的投资回收期分别缩短2．3年与2．0年。     

Crack formation due to weathering of radial and tangential sections of pine and spruce

The development of cracks and changes in appearance have been investigated on radial and tangential sections of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies Karst.) after exposure outdoors for 61 months. The degradation of the sections has also been studied at the micro-level. The annual ring orientation was the most important factor affecting crack development on weathering. After 61 months of outdoor exposure, the tangential sections of spruce had 1.7-2.2 times greater mean total crack length per area unit than the corresponding radial sections. In pine, the total crack length per area unit on the tangential sections was 2.2-2.6 times greater than that on the radial sections. Tangential and radial sections show the same colour change as a result of weathering. Tangential sections have more and deeper cracks than radial surfaces. The cracks on the tangential sections occur frequently in both earlywood and latewood. On radial sections, cracks occur primarily at the annual ring borders, but to a certain extent also in the earlywood. Decomposition of the cell wall takes place in both radial and tangential cell walls, and cracks tend to follow the fibril orientation in the S2-layer of the cell wall. The radial cell wall of the earlywood has a large number of pits which are degraded at an early stage.